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Three tales of a falling dollar

There is my own piece, Brad DeLong, and Don Boudreaux, all of which express different degrees of optimism about the current state of the dollar.  Yet the approaches differ in both theory and rhetoric. 

DeLong cites the near-equality of nominal interest rates between America and Europe as an important consideration.  To him this signifies that the market does not expect the dollar to fall much further and thus that foreign investors won't be scared off.  I believe this emphasis reflects Brad's "upbringing" in sticky-price open economy macro models, a'la Rudy Dornbusch and Harvard/MIT circa the early 1980s.  I never drank of that tradition with much fervor, instead receiving the influence of Fischer Black.  I don't expect current interest rate spreads to tell us much about future currency changes, which I view as mostly news and noise in the short to medium run.  Brad is somewhat less optimistic than I because he would start worrying if a nominal interest rate differential opened up between the U.S. and Europe.  I would tend to shrug it off, thinking the variance of future currency movements still dwarfs the new change in forecast.

Don Boudreaux starts with the view that having a trade deficit wasn't bad in the first place, so getting rid of it -- through a falling dollar -- is no gain.  For him the key is to have policies, such as free trade and low taxes, that keep America a prosperous nation.  The value of the dollar will then take care of itself.  I also read Don thinking that a market-generated real exchange rate will possess Hayekian properties and pass along the right information to investors.  I am more likely to think that the value of the dollar is an accident, and more likely to think we can simply make do with "the wrong exchange rate."   I recall the strong dollar in 1985, and the weak dollar in 1988; in between not that many other things seemed to change.  I conclude that when it comes to the value of the dollar it is sometimes possible to "stuff a lot into the box," and at many different angles. 

Most of all, my relative economic optimism stems from a very naive look at current conditions, which do not (yet?) indicate collapse.  Because of Austrian influences and again Fischer Black, I am suspicious of long chains of reasoning, or for that matter medium-long chains of reasoning, which imply that an apparently OK state of affairs must end in ruin.  Current market prices are indeed very noisy, but no intertemporal theory gives us better forecasts.  Caution is always in order but right now equity prices and interest rates are not predicting ruin.  Furthermore growth and recovery are the natural and more likely state of affairs in a relatively free economy, so I will believe in them until I see otherwise.  Don, in contrast, is more likely to worry about state interference messing up the U.S. exchange rate, and the U.S. economy.  In that sense he is potentially more pessimistic than either Brad or I.   Plus Brad and I both put some stock in the aggregate demand stimulating effect of a lower dollar, while Don doesn't seem to.

Posted by Tyler Cowen on December 4, 2007 at 05:53 AM in Economics | Permalink

Comments

Anthropological notes: I have observed the Boudreaux specimen at close quarters for many years. I know Brad less well, though he and I were at Harvard together.

Posted by: Tyler Cowen at Dec 4, 2007 6:57:22 AM

Ha!

Posted by: Jeff H. at Dec 4, 2007 7:12:11 AM

How does this affect your recommendations as a travel guru? if as you say a weak vs strong dollar is an accident, should we have maxxed out our travel and imports a few years ago, and now travel only within the US? or should I buy the HDTV and schedule a trip to Japan now in case it accidentally gets worse?

Posted by: DK at Dec 4, 2007 7:51:33 AM

Boudreaux's lack of concern about the current account deficit is based on the idea that it reflects strong demand by foreigners to invest in the US. But isn't a big part of the worry that this is not happening - that foreign governments/central banks, notably China - are holding Treasuries for their own political ends? By "political ends" I don't mean some huge scheme to blackmail the US, but efforts to maintain their employment levels even at the cost of holding declining assets.

Posted by: Bernard Yomtov at Dec 4, 2007 9:30:35 AM

Gisele, the Brazilian supermodel is now getting paid in Euros not dollars.
When supermodels are shorting the dollar, the bottom must be very near!

Posted by: jthorc at Dec 4, 2007 9:59:02 AM

Let's avoid the trash talk on the supermodels until we do the anthropology.

Posted by: John Kunze at Dec 4, 2007 1:05:02 PM

Well, the Germans have now followed the French
in complaining about the overvaluation of the
euro against the dollar. Of course, that is
only according to PPP, which should bring
about a current account (or trade account, to
be more precise) balance, but which has not
done so.

The out-of-whackness is that the main Asian
currencies have not gone up relative to the
dollar, so the pain for the Europeans has
taken the form of a flood of Chinese imports,
although Boudreaux would probably say that
they should gobble them up while they are
cheap. Brad Setser says the Chinese do not
like the current out of alignments, but are
probably going to intervene in the markets
to push the Japanese yen up first, if the
Japanese will let them, before they let the
yuan/rmb move upwards noticeably.

In the meantime, given all the screaming
coming from the two biggest countries in
Euroland, do not be surprised if there are
moves by the ECB to lower the euro against
the dollar. Better times for traveling to
the neck of the woods may be on the way.

Posted by: Barkley Rosser at Dec 4, 2007 2:21:40 PM

Best regards!
Impressive.

Posted by: Keith Neff at Dec 5, 2007 4:31:32 AM

And then there is Alvarez, Atkeson and Kehoe:

http://ideas.repec.org/p/fip/fedmsr/388.html

Posted by: pinus at Dec 7, 2007 1:18:30 AM

I don't get a lot of what Bordeaux said.
Why would a fall in the dollar cause an increase in protectionist measures? It should be the other way around.
A fall in the dollar will reduce reliance on sovereign funds, increase exports and reduce imports.

The cost advantages derived from outsourcing will be rendered less attractive because of a weaker dollar.
Hence, the need for protectionism will become less pressing.

Please correct me if i'm wrong

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