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Paul Krugman, pussycat

The Conscience of a Liberal is um...not that polemic.  It's not that shrill.  There is an argument, to be sure, but the book has much more economic history than I had expected, and much more political history.

I've already blogged on The Great Compression; Krugman's more detailed account in the book does emphasize the role of war, wage and price controls, and very high rates of taxation.  Normative questions aside, Krugman's positive analysis isn't as far from mine as I had been expecting from his blog post.

Some claims in the book are simply wrong: "...if there's a single reason blue-collar workers did so much better in the fifties than they had in the twenties, it was the rise of unions."  (p.49)  Of course it was instead greater capital investment per head and better technology; if Krugman means relative status he needs to say so.  This conflation of relative and absolute magnitudes is a running problem throughout the first part of the book.

Most of all, today's world -- or even an extrapolated version thereof -- isn't nearly as like the Gilded Age as Krugman suggests.  Absolute standards of living really do matter, and most Americans today live very fine lives, or if they don't the economy is not at fault.

Krugman writes of "the vast right-wing conspiracy" repeatedly, and in these moments he verges on the shrill.  But Bush receives virtually no attention; perhaps Krugman is simply sick of writing about the guy

Conservatism rose in the 1980s in large part because the mid to late 1970s were such an economic mess and because American had lost so much relative status internationally.  Krugman won't face up to that; instead he blames the Republican manipulation of "the race card," even though at the time racial tensions arguably were lower than ever before.  Of course in a relatively close election any single factor can be called decisive but I found this discussion well below the standards of the political science literature, even the popular political science literature.

Krugman calls for single-payer health insurance, tax hikes, and raising the minimum wage.  He doesn't come off as all that radical.

His theory of government failure is that wealthy right-wingers hijack the state to redistribute wealth to themselves, and that's all we hear on what's wrong with government.  That's the part of the book I find hardest to swallow, but if you're asking "should I read this?" the answer is yes.

My prediction: For lack of red meat, this book won't sell nearly as well as Naomi Klein's latest.  At my Borders, circa 4 p.m., they hadn't even unpacked it.  "Yeah, we have that in the back somewhere, I haven't seen it yet." was what the guy said.

My question:  Is Paul Krugman willing to come out and simply pronounce: "Margaret Thatcher turned the UK around and for the better"?  If so, how does this square with his broader narrative?  And if not, why not?

Addendum: Here is Ed Glaeser's review.

Posted by Tyler Cowen on October 10, 2007 at 07:33 AM in Books | Permalink

Comments

But it's relative status that makes us happy...

Posted by: at Oct 10, 2007 8:13:04 AM

"...if there's a single reason blue-collar workers did so much better in the fifties than they had in the twenties, it was the rise of unions." (p.49) Of course it was instead greater capital investment per head and better technology; if Krugman means relative status he needs to say so.

And let's not forget that nobody firebombed Detroit during WWII. The fact that most of the world's main industrial centers had been pretty much wiped out gave the U.S. a temporary edge over their main competition (Germany and Japan). It took until the late '60s for the rest of the world's industrial production to really catch up and that's when we started having problems.

Posted by: Ted Craig at Oct 10, 2007 8:34:44 AM

"It took until the late '60s for the rest of the world's industrial production to really catch up and that's when we started having problems."

If it is competition from other countries that is responsible for increasing income equality, why did the inequality not increase in Germany and Japan then or now. They must compete with each other as well as us.

Posted by: joan at Oct 10, 2007 8:43:28 AM

But it's relative status that makes us happy...

Anyone who believes that is going to feel a lot of misery throughout life. . .

Posted by: Matthew C. at Oct 10, 2007 8:44:40 AM

As far as I can tell the Government keeps getting bigger and more in the form that Democrats want it to be. It seems to me that Democrats win every battle just not in as big chunks as they would want.

Posted by: Floccina at Oct 10, 2007 8:56:23 AM

Tyler,

Why don't you have TrackBack anymore? I would like to see what others have to say about the book and your review, but will have to google search it. :~( Woe!

This may have came up a long time ago, but I just now noticed. If so can anyone point me to a link explaining the removal of TrackBack.

Posted by: Student at Oct 10, 2007 8:58:34 AM

Check out the Amazon page for Conscience of a Liberal that Tyler links to.
Krugman's book is being paired with Robert Reich's latest for a discount price.
If you read some of Krugman's popular work circa 1997 you'll see why this incredibly funny.
Well, you'll see why it's mildly amusing, anyways.

Posted by: Student at Oct 10, 2007 9:02:58 AM

Specifically its relative position in income that makes us happy. Basically, that's what I sit around thinking about. Right now I'm in 36 millionth place, but I'm looking to move into the high twenty millions within the decade (among present day people in the US of course. Only within country and contemporary comparisons matter when it comes to happiness). Oh, yeah, and I'm indifferent to my wife, friends, and family.

Don't countries with low income inequality have relative positional rankings too? The may have more tightly bunched distributions, but they still have distributions. Why is it that absolute magnitude of differences matters, but absolute position doesn't? Anyway, maybe people want to play high stakes status games?

Posted by: josh at Oct 10, 2007 9:04:01 AM

He's a good writer but his policy recommendations leave something to be desired. Asia's recovered quite nicely without the neo-Keynesianism he was calling for in The Return Of Depression Economics. His critical thinking seems to switch off when it comes to his political views.

Posted by: Ali Choudhury at Oct 10, 2007 9:07:06 AM

"But it's relative status that makes us happy..." Is that relative position I.E. I am number 8 out of 10 in earning, or relative as in number 10 has just a little less than number 1. E.G. I can see that having a boss is worse than not having a boss but someone that I do not know getting more money than me is not as important to me. I do not care how much richer Bill Gates is than me but I would hate to work for an oppressive. Now if you gave me the choice, I would rather be a tenured college professors for say $40,000/year than a high paid programmer with an oppressive boss getting $100,000/year or for that matter a brain surgeon in a high pressure practice for $500,000/year.

Posted by: Floccina at Oct 10, 2007 9:09:58 AM

"Absolute standards of living really do matter, and most Americans today live very fine lives, or if they don't the economy is not at fault."

Well yes, but so do relative standards of living. This is a very important issue but I feel that it's glossed over. I'd love to read a critique of the thesis I keep hearing that above a certain basic minimum level of income people don't get much happier.

Posted by: Finnsense at Oct 10, 2007 9:14:06 AM

If it is competition from other countries that is responsible for increasing income equality, why did the inequality not increase in Germany and Japan then or now. They must compete with each other as well as us.

Not really. They compete in the broad world but both remain fairly insular. They don't allow many imports of either goods or people.

Posted by: Ted Craig at Oct 10, 2007 9:22:44 AM

What a surprise, Tyler suggests reading the book!

Posted by: eric at Oct 10, 2007 9:40:14 AM

And let's not forget that nobody firebombed Detroit during WWII.

What? They didn't? Then why does it look like that?

Posted by: Josh at Oct 10, 2007 9:43:53 AM

"But it's relative status that makes us happy..."

"Anyone who believes that is going to feel a lot of misery throughout life. . ."

Not if they focus their attention on lower-status people.

Posted by: Keith at Oct 10, 2007 10:02:25 AM

The only problem with focusing on relative standards of living is that there is no government policy that can deal with the situation without harming absolute standards of living. At least a mostly free economy can do a good job of providing a desirable absolute standard of living to people who want it. Trying to make everyone happy or take pride in their place within the economic food chain is a difficult burden to place on the political process. Well actually it is a down right impossible burden to place on the political process and any politician who says they can help solve the problem is just buying votes. Lets face it, capitalism is a purely material process and quite a good one to boot. It does not care about your feelings or how you perceive your place in this world. It is only concerned with two things, can do or can not do. That is it.

Posted by: John Pertz at Oct 10, 2007 10:07:08 AM

Eric,

I had the same reaction. Why does Tyler recommend books that he thinks have sloppy/bad analysis? I'd rather not waste my time reading Krugman or Naomi Klein given the mediocre reviews and the bad arguments being made by the two. And yet Tyler recommends both! Someone explain.

Posted by: CT at Oct 10, 2007 10:16:55 AM

"Someone explain?"

Hanging around Carow Hall at GMU, where IQs are off the charts, Tyler tends to forget that most humans think and absorb knowledge at a rate about one one-hundredth of his. To him, reading the Krugman book is an hour of leisure.

Posted by: Daniel Klein at Oct 10, 2007 10:48:00 AM

"Absolute standards of living really do matter, and most Americans today live very fine lives, or if they don't the economy is not at fault."

Well, yes. But there are improvements that can be made in the economy, perhaps even at some cost to mean absolute SOL, to improve the lowest SOLs in the country (and bring up the median!). And that's a trade-off which many of us are willing to make, and the argument over what's worth trading is a political one on which disagreement is both legitimate and healthy.

Posted by: Dingbat at Oct 10, 2007 11:13:09 AM

Only within country and contemporary comparisons matter when it comes to happiness).

If this were true, then most immigration would be from rich countries to poor countries.

Posted by: mobile at Oct 10, 2007 11:21:19 AM

"The only problem with focusing on relative standards of living is that there is no government policy that can deal with the situation without harming absolute standards of living."

That's quite a claim. The wealthiest countries in the EU (barring Luxembourg and Ireland) are also the countries with the smallest gaps in standards of living. The US is richer but it's not yet clear what the reasons for this are. There are good reasons to suppose working hours (longer), the size of the market and labour flexibility have more to do with it than redistribution through high taxes.

And for what it's worth, we Nordics are happier than you Americans and it's not just because of our balmy weather.

Posted by: Finnsense at Oct 10, 2007 11:37:41 AM

Heres a paper by Michelacci and Pijoan-Mas that puts income inequality down to more opportunity in America.

...we argue that workers view working hours as an investment as well as a source of current income. By working longer hours, they acquire greater skills, get promoted more frequently or switch to better jobs. The greater the expected career gains, the greater the incentive to work longer hours. ...Europeans and Americans...face different incentives during their working lives.

And what explains the different incentives? It's--Paul Krugman, call your office--our old friend, income inequality:
Individuals work longer hours when wage inequality is higher. ...for the U.S. and in...Germany, there is evidence that individuals work longer hours in occupations with larger wage inequality.

But, income inequality has increased little in Germany in the last 35 years. Not so, the U.S.
The fraction of prime age male workers working very long hours has increased substantially in the US. ...this is a side effect of the higher inter-temporal return to hours worked caused by the increase in wage inequality.

Posted by: Patrick R. Sullivan at Oct 10, 2007 11:53:04 AM

"But it's relative status that makes us happy..."

Well, yes, there's a lot of research backing that up. The key to happiness appears to be good genes, good health, and being in the top 10% relative to the people you hang out with, in that order.

If absolute wealth meant anything to happiness, one wonders how anyone living before, say, 1800 could ever have been happy.

John

Posted by: John at Oct 10, 2007 12:16:25 PM

Finnsense- odd that you'd say nordics are happier than those in the US when, according to the WHO, all scandinavian countries have higher suicide rates for men AND women than the US
http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suiciderates/en/

Posted by: cbisquit at Oct 10, 2007 12:16:32 PM

I don't understand why a book as silly as this and with all the errors you pointed out is worth reading.

Posted by: Alex at Oct 10, 2007 12:38:41 PM

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