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The best paragraph and a half I read yesterday

This is from William Saletan's New York Times review of Judith Harris's No Two Alike:

Ultimately, however, long-term behavior modification is at odds with itself. As our minds become subtler and our occupations less stable, short-term modifications suited to the situation at hand become more advantageous than permanent modifications. This is already happening, according to her theory. The reason parental influence doesn't control children's behavior outside the home is that they adjust to context. "Children are capable of generalizing — of learning something in one context and applying it in another — but they do not do it blindly," Harris observes. At home, where you're the younger sibling, you yield. At school, where you're one of the bigger kids, you don't. And unlike other animals, you can shuffle your self-classifications. In seconds, you can go from acting like a girl to acting like a child to acting like a New Yorker.

In short, the evolutionary logic that makes us different from one another will gradually make us different from ourselves, context by context. Personality — behavior that is "consistent across time and place," as one textbook puts it — will fade. We'll miss characters like Harris, the little woman from New Jersey who boasted of giving psychologists a "wedgie" and tried to solve the puzzle of human nature.

But is it true?  Cannot evolutionary pressures favor extreme constancy, for purposes of precommitting to transparency and attracting a better mate?

By the way, I'll give "best sentence of the day" honor to Daniel Akst: "Any benefit from shining the cleansing light of day on executive greed will probably be outweighed by the inflationary effect of additional disclosure, which will provide more ammunition for executives and consultants seeking to justify additional increases."

Posted by Tyler Cowen on March 6, 2006 at 07:24 AM in Books | Permalink

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Comments

Besides genes, children are different because of micro-environmental difference (not the macro-environmental differences that sociologists are so interested in) and randomness in the way the brain develops. This explains how identical twins with the same macro-environment still wind up being different.

Peer influence is more important than parental influence because children instinctively crave status in society. In evolutionary terms, children who rejected their peers in favor of their parents were less successful in mating and had fewer children.

Posted by: Half Sigma at Mar 6, 2006 11:07:26 AM

Can you say "agency problem"?

Posted by: Matt at Mar 6, 2006 11:15:29 AM

"But is it true? Cannot evolutionary pressures favor extreme constancy, for purposes of precommitting to transparency and attracting a better mate?"

If find Harris more convincing that Saletan in the sense that the incentive to behave differently in different social environments is certainly not new. Harris may be an implacable foe to her acadmeic antagonists, but that 'bulldog' side of her personality is quite likely kept under wraps and rarely displayed in relationships with her family, say, or friends and neighbors. Having these different sorts of spheres is not a new pheonomenon, so I doubt more frequent job changes would really affect the dynamic materially.

Could evolutionary pressures favor 'constancy' in the sense of insensitivity to different social environments? I doubt it--behaving predictably doesn't mean being insensitive to context. A potential partner who behaved flexibly and appropriately in a variety of social situations would seem more valuable than one whose behavior was 'constant'.

Posted by: Slocum at Mar 6, 2006 1:18:24 PM

About that executive compensation you mentioned as an aside. I'm hoping you'll write about an aspect of this that I've not seen discussed.

Knowleged workers are famously supposed to be relatively unmotivated by money. So the creative types that power innovation are "willing serfs" -- happy to churn away given interesting problems, a decent wage, an occasional bit of praise and a good work environmnet.

I think there's truth to that belief, and probably even data. But what about the innate human response to unfairness? How will the knowledge worker react when they learn that their leaders, who they may or may not respect, are earning 20 times their salary? Will they continue to be happy as "willing serfs", or will our hard-wired response to unfairness kick in? Will they then be prone to sacrifice income or work perks to join a less unfair environment?

In the short term I think revealing executive compensation will increase that compensation, but I think the slightly longer term results will be harder to predict.

Posted by: John Faughnan at Mar 6, 2006 1:36:18 PM

"And unlike other animals, you can shuffle your self-classifications."

Obviously, Saletan hasn't kept up with David Friedman's blog. This post describes game-playing chimps. This is just one example of animals exihibiting exactly the behavior described in the passage. My dog, in fact, would stay off the couch when humans were present, and get on the couch when they were not. He certainly shuffled between his self-classifications of obedient son and reckless bandit depending on the context.

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