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Brush your teeth to lower weight?
...there is no clear evidence that schools are contributing to the growth in obesity. The obesity-related complaints about school lunches, vending machines, and physical education are based largely on the assumption that these factors are causing our kids to get fat. Yet, I find little evidence to support this claim. For example, in looking at survey data on the health behavior of middle and high school students, the factor I found that best predicted whether or not a kid was obese was tooth brushing [emphasis added]. More important than how much junk food they ate, soda they drank, or physical education they received was whether or not they brushed their teeth. Among fourteen- to seventeen-year-olds, only 16 percent of kids who brushed their teeth more than once a day were overweight compared to 24 percent who brushed less than once a day. Of course, other factors were important as well -- teenagers who play more computer games, eat more fast-food, and drink less whole milk were also more likely to be obese -- but these factors were tiny in comparison with tooth brushing. Meanwhile school policies, such as whether the kid was in physical education or ate school lunches, had no predictive power for whether or not a child was obese.
Now obviously the act of brushing one's teeth plays little direct role in a child's weight, but it is a good indicator of something else -- in what type of household the child lives. Children who brush their teeth more often are more likely to come from homes where health and hygiene are a priority...In other words, outside of genetics, the biggest factor predicting a child's weight is what type of parenting they receive [emphasis added].
That is from J. Eric Oliver's Fat Politics: The Real Story Behind America's Obesity Epidemic. Here is my previous post on the book; the comments are open.
Posted by Tyler Cowen on December 14, 2005 at 06:20 AM in Science | Permalink
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Comments
I've toyed around with the idea of going through my whole dental hygiene regime when I get home from work, as a disincentive to snacking between then and dinnertime. (I get home early so have several hours to snack.)
Posted by: Jim Bim at Dec 14, 2005 7:31:23 AM
I propose replacing the term "rent seeking" with pillage broking. Mencken
defined government as a "broker in pillage," and rent is a generic term
to describe a unit payment to a factor of production.
Posted by: Bill Stepp at Dec 14, 2005 8:03:08 AM
Re: the whole milk part of this study, note there was a recent news story that the state of Illinois may ban whole milk from schools under a new definition of "junk food". http://www.suntimes.com/output/news/cst-nws-junkfood10.html
And people make fun of my state (GA) for our evolution-is-a-theory stickers. At least intelligent design doesn't make kids fat!
Posted by: DK at Dec 14, 2005 8:05:48 AM
>> "In other words, outside of genetics, the biggest factor predicting a child's weight is what type of parenting they receive"
Shouldn't be any big surprises here! ;-)
Posted by: Chris Meisenzahl at Dec 14, 2005 8:13:35 AM
Well, I must agree that statistics can be twisted around to suit your case easily, but when it comes to obesity I think we can say that good science behind it AND a statistic that proves you is enough. People who don't exercise often need a good and healthy metabolism to stay average or thin. However, food is only a minor issue in the obesity subject, because it is almost obvious that metabolism and eating are correlated (why else could thin people sometimes eat more than fat ones, but still stay skinny?!).
So, what people with a problematic body balance need is exercise and more sports instead of making a diet. I also think that obesity is more often than not measured by the BMI than by a picture (the latter being more objective to determine obesity).
Posted by: Max at Dec 14, 2005 8:28:18 AM
Man discovers collinearity, shocks world, film at 11?
I mean seriously, something like this is really very likely indeed to be a non-robust quirk of the model. Why is tooth brushing the "indicator of parenting quality, health and hygiene" and not any of the other variables? It's (another) baleful consequence of "Freakonomics" that so many social scientists have decided that the corect thing to do with a "counterintuitive" result is to start telling just so stories about how it makes sense as an instrument for something else rather than checking the model.
Posted by: dsquared at Dec 14, 2005 8:30:48 AM
Brushing after you eat raises the cost of snacking. Once you think about, of course it does. This goes right along with the research that shows that snacking is the main cause of the increase in obsesity.
Posted by: joshg at Dec 14, 2005 8:56:01 AM
I wonder what the kids in the above mentioned research were snacking on. I've heard that multiple smaller meals throughout the day increases metabolism.
Posted by: cb at Dec 14, 2005 10:19:34 AM
I'm wondering if this study controlled for parental income. In my wife's dental practice the better educated, more affluent patients (largely the same group) take better care of their bodies, avoid smoking and other harmful habits, go to the dentist more, and in all likelihood are thinner. My guess is that kids' tooth-brushing is just a marker for
parental affluence, and of course obesity and affluence are inversely correlated in our culture. The real question is why.
Posted by: Dan at Dec 14, 2005 11:43:15 AM
Brilliant comment Dan, that's exactly what I said on my blog.
Posted by: Half Sigma at Dec 14, 2005 3:27:31 PM
I tend to agree with dsquared that this is not likely a robust finding. Could be as Dan suggests that important variables aren't controlled or that it is simply a quirk of the model.
But if we are going to tell Just So stories about it, why not the following:
Obesity is genetic. But in our culture being fat means being unattractive. People who are unattractive in the culture (i) tend to invest less in their physical appearance and hygiene because teh payoffs are not as high as for other people; and (ii) tend to get depressed more than others and then take less care of their appearance. In addition, the poor hygiene habits of fat parents tend to rub off on their kids, who because they have their parents' genes have low incentives for hygiene to begin with.
Just saying.
Posted by: Candido at Dec 14, 2005 5:20:03 PM
Candido,
It may be reasonable to say that genetcs influence obesity, to to imply that it is the sole determinant is wrong.
I am writing from Bangkok, where 20 years ago one in 1000 people on the street were obese. For that one the cause is likely to be genetic. Now about one in 100 people is obese. The tenfold growth has to be attributed to lifestyle, which has changed greatly, not genetics which haven't.
By the way, Thai are pretty good tooth brushers, but that hasn't changed in 20 years either.
Posted by: Jack at Dec 14, 2005 9:10:27 PM
It's also possible that brushing causes people to eat less snacks, since they don't want to lose that minty fresh feeling.
Posted by: Neil the Ethical Werewolf at Dec 14, 2005 9:27:31 PM
If schools want to reduce obesity, just mandate intense military-style physical training instead of "gym class" :)
I was quite fat in grade school, despite gym class and extramural sports. (partly due to unhealty diet and partly generics). What finally solved the problem was intense karate training (like 1.5 hours of constant fast motion). I got thin without even adjusting my diet.
Posted by: CaptainEO at Dec 14, 2005 11:03:28 PM
Does anyone know what dataset he is using? (sorry to ask, but I dont have the book handy)
Posted by: econgeek at Dec 15, 2005 6:05:34 AM
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