« Guero and Crunchy Frog | Main | Complementary Goods »
Is blackmail coercive?
On some level, I do believe blackmail is a kind of coercion, but I fear my structuralist explanations for this view would be deeply upsetting to the average libertarian Joe, so I will keep my dirty little Foucault-inspired secrets to myself.
Here is more from Alina Stefanescu.
And how about the economics of blackmail? If blackmail victims are bad guys, why not allow a horde of potential bounty hunters to profit from uncovering their wrongdoing? We can keep "false blackmail" illegal, while allowing blackmail based on truth, no? We likely underinvest in the gathering of such information, and the profit incentives of blackmail would help correct (and overshoot?) this institutional failure.
Yet I remain convinced there is, somewhere, a sound economic and utilitarian case against blackmail. But what is that case?
My favorite exotic explanation (it is not quite sound) is that legal blackmail would lead to inefficient blackmail. Perhaps the ones who should blackmail you are your family and close friends. That is when transaction costs are low and both parties strike a good deal, often based on an implicit rather than explicit blackmail. ("If you run off with that floozy...") The wrongdoer pays a penalty, and the would-be wrongdoer remains deterred. Nothing gets too messy. But if you open up this business to outsiders, well...trust breaks down. Blackmailers fabricate stories, they send weird threatening letters, and they cause extreme anxiety. Outsiders don't even know when they should believe the word of a blackmailer, which limits blackmail possibilities from those in the know. Under this hypothesis, we keep blackmail illegal to keep blackmailers we can trust.
Addendum: I have turned on the comments function, in case you have good ideas on this topic.
Posted by Tyler Cowen on March 24, 2005 at 06:55 AM in Political Science | Permalink
TrackBack
TrackBack URL for this entry:
http://www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c66b253ef00e5509788f88834
Listed below are links to weblogs that reference Is blackmail coercive?:
» Trouble at the Libertarian Ranch from QandO
Here's an interesting thought for doctrinaire libertarians: in a perfect libertarian society, blackmail would have to be legal. [Read More]
Tracked on Mar 24, 2005 8:23:02 PM
Comments
I think the theoretical questions raised by Block and others are not specific to blackmail, but are part of wider issues around reputation and privacy. A satisfactory theory of privacy would probably account equally for blackmail.
Unfortunately, I don't have one.
There is a distinction that can be made between malicious gossip and blackmail, which is that a proscription of blackmail is easier to enforce (albeit still difficult). Gossip traditionally has been beyond the practical reach of the law, but a threat to gossip is more likely to leave an evidential trail.
Posted by: Andrew McGuinness at Mar 24, 2005 9:02:58 AM
The problem with blackmail is that there's no mechanism for enforcing the silence of the blackmailer. I can only see legal blackmail working if secret contracts can be legally enforceable, if necessary.
An explanation/example (loosely based on the Louie Anderson case):
Suppose I'm a closeted celebrity who makes an inappropriate pass at another man, "Phil." Phil threatens to take the story to the media unless I give him $100,000. I agree, as it's worth a hundred grand to me not to have the story revealed, but if the demand had been $200,000, I wouldn't have paid. Under the current system, Phil could come back and demand another $100,000, forcing me to let him blab, while I'd have to eat the original $100,000.
It would be preferable to be able to sign a contract at the time of the first demand. I agree to fork over the money, and Phil agrees to remain silent in perpetuity, or else he has to repay me. This eliminates the biggest problem with blackmail: uncertainty.
Posted by: Nick at Mar 24, 2005 10:12:48 AM
There's a paper by Richard Posner on the economics of blackmail.
http://www.law.uchicago.edu/Lawecon/WkngPprs_01-25/04.posner.blackmail.pdf
Posted by: Andy Wood at Mar 24, 2005 12:02:56 PM
The fundamental problem with blackmail as a law enforcement institution is that the penalty imposed by blackmailers is unlimited: having agreed to "keep quiet" for a fee, the blackmailer can return again and again to threaten exposure.
Posted by: David Sisk at Mar 24, 2005 1:06:31 PM
As a side effect, legal, publically-acceptible blackmail would encourage some would-be whistleblowers to trade their knowledge of criminal behavior for cash rather than turning the criminals in. By making blackmail both illegal and immoral, society encourages whistleblowers at the margins to behave in ways that benefit society as a whole rather than just the whistleblower him- or herself.
One might argue that a society could compensate for legalizing blackmail by increasing the reward offered to those who report criminal activity to the proper authorities. However, such rewards will simply set the floor price for purchasing the silence of the blackmailer and erode the sense that citizens have a civic duty to report crimes. In the long run, criminalizing blackmail is a cheaper and more effective solution than competing with criminals to purchase the testimony of witnesses to their crimes.
Posted by: Tom Ault at Mar 24, 2005 2:05:38 PM
Rothbard had some ideas about blackmail (he opposed laws against it). If memory serves, his essay on the subject can be found in his book _For a New Liberty_.
As mentioned before, part of the problem with blackmail is that, unlike a nondisclosure contract, a blackmail contract cannot be enforced. If I blackmail you and you pay me off, there is little to stop me from simply asking for more money.
Posted by: Marcus Welch at Mar 24, 2005 4:38:06 PM
Ayn Rand once expressed the opinion that blackmailers served a function analogous to that of vultures, consuming the corrupt, but this is one of those places where her philosophy led her into foolishness.
Best discussion ever on the subject of blackmail was the movie "The Gazebo" in which the husband wanted to kill the blackmailer to protect his wife's reputation, but the wife hoped the dirty secret would get out, as the publicity would help her career.
Posted by: triticale at Mar 24, 2005 8:42:06 PM
Another concern would the arms-race aspect of legalizing blackmail. If blackmail were legal, people would spend resources to protect themselves from it. This would both directly waste resources and make information harder to maintain.
Also note that the whole point of blackmail is the production but non-release of information. Information by its nature is very public-goodish. In a utilitarian sense, it is probably better to channel the produced information into public-goodish sectors like newspapers than into the very private-goodish use of blackmail.
Posted by: DeadHorseBeater at Mar 25, 2005 2:57:54 AM
People would spend resources to maintain their privacy (document shredding, hard-drive purging, extra-thick soundproof walls), that is, not spend resources to pay off blackmailers.
Posted by: DeadHorseBeater at Mar 25, 2005 3:01:28 AM
Interesting that Deadhorsebeater doesn't believe legalizing blackmail would alter individual tendencies to engage in risky/blackmailable behavior. Instead, he believes that they would pay higher costs to engage in this type of behavior (i.e. invest more in protection against blackmail).
But doesn't this essentially lead to the same result, namely, decreased frequency of deviant behavior due to increased costs (both social and economic)?
Would it be the case that only the wealthy could get away with infidelity and/or drug use, since they could afford the costs? Would legalizing blackmail impose disproportionate costs on the poor? There is, after all, that twentieth-century question of "equal opportunity" to consider...
Posted by: alina at Mar 25, 2005 4:30:53 PM
There may be a distinctly personal dimension to the blackmail doctrine. Blackmail, in both its common law and statutory forms, owes its existence and enforcement to powerful men in the judiciary and politics. Unsavory revelations about sexual trysts or poor business behavior may be unusually harmful to these prominent people, so they have a strong personal incentive to preserve blackmail laws. This may explain why blackmail, which, if legal, might efficiently reduce behavior we (at least profess to) think is bad, is nevertheless illegal.
Posted by: Con (law) Man at Mar 25, 2005 5:24:35 PM
Tom Ault wrote:
"As a side effect, legal, publically-acceptible blackmail would encourage some would-be whistleblowers to trade their knowledge of criminal behavior for cash rather than turning the criminals in..."
Well, it's only common sense that when the relevant information is of criminality, a blackmailer can be charged with conspiracy, in the same fashion as anyone who deliberately shields a criminal out of friendship or some other form of self-interest (e.g., if the criminal is one's employer). Our discussion ought to concern only information which, under the present state of the law, one would have full right to disclose or withhold at one's discretion.
Posted by: J. Goard at Mar 28, 2005 11:05:27 PM
I simply hadn't considered the effect of blackmail on the blackmailable behaviors themselves.
I suspect legalization of blackmail would produce a decrease in behaviors that are scandalous but not illegal (infidelity) but might actually produce an increase in behaviors that are illegal (since now criminals can legally buy a witness' silence through a blackmail contract).
Posted by: DeadHorseBeater at Mar 29, 2005 5:23:42 AM
deadhorsebeater --
Again, the idea that legalized blackmail would extend to criminal behavior makes a mockery of the whole concept. Under current law, if Oprah Winfrey murders someone in front of you and offers to buy your silence for $1 million, then accepting makes you guilty of *conspiracy to murder* and you can potentially spend life in prison. And if instead, your best friend murders someone in front of you and you say, "Hey, you're such a great guy, I'll let this one slide!" then you can be charged with the very same crime, without any money changing hands.
The point is, you don't have a legal or moral right to hold knowledge of a crime as a personal asset, to haggle for money or anything else. Blackmail contracts are reasonable only for knowledge of legal activities which (blackmail aside) you already have every right to reveal to or conceal from whomever you wish.
Posted by: J. Goard at Mar 29, 2005 7:43:02 PM
Am I crazy or is blackmail essentially just rent seeking?
Posted by: josh at Jun 10, 2005 3:40:08 PM
google排名
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
门禁
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power level
wow power level
china tour
china tour
猎头
猎头
货架
货架
货架
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
监控
监控
激光打标机
软件工程硕士
工程地毯
工程地毯
集团电话
集团电话
激光打标机
激光打标机
打包机
打包机
拓展训练
拓展
拓展培训
Posted by: 水无痕 at Jul 4, 2007 5:05:14 AM
houyuping 07年7月12日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power level
wow power level
Ddo plat
Ddo plat
FFXI Gil
FFXI Gil
GW Gold
GW Gold
GW Power Leveling
GW Power Leveling
RS Gold
RS Gold
RS Power Leveling
RS Power Leveling
Lotro Gold
Lotro Gold
Lotro Power leveling
Lotro Power leveling
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
监控
货架
货架
货架
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
翻译公司
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
红外测温仪
红外测温仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
频闪仪
频闪仪
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
电火花检测仪
电火花检测仪
google排名
门禁
门禁
门禁系统
门禁系统
搬家
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
光盘制作
光盘印刷
光盘印刷
搬家公司
激光打标机
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
集团电话
集团电话
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
china tour
china tour
青春痘
青春痘
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
口腔医生
口腔医生
口腔
口腔
口腔医院
口腔医院
口腔科
口腔科
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
Posted by: hyangel at Jul 11, 2007 10:14:34 PM
Posted by: asdd at Jul 12, 2007 1:09:22 AM
liqingchao 07年7月12日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow gold
wow gold
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京搬家公司
北京搬家公司
货架
红外测温仪
红外测温仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
频闪仪
频闪仪
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
电火花检测仪
电火花检测仪
google排名
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
集团电话
集团电话
四环素牙
口腔常识
口腔常识
口腔医生
口腔医生
网站设计
网站设计
多媒体
监控
监控
监控系统
监控系统
门禁
门禁
门禁系统
门禁系统
搬家公司
搬家公司
条码打印机
条码打印机
牙周炎
牙周炎
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
口腔医生
口腔医生
口腔
口腔
口腔医院
口腔医院
口腔科
口腔科
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
cheap Silkroad gold
cheap Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad Online gold
Silkroad Online gold
sro gold
sro gold
Archlord gold
Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
Archlord Online gold
Archlord Online gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
Dofus kamas
Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
Dofus gold
Dofus gold
Dofus money
Dofus money
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz gold
Rappelz gold
cheap Rappelz Rupees
cheap Rappelz Rupees
Posted by: wslmwps at Jul 12, 2007 1:56:29 AM
wanyamin 07年7月12日
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow power leveling
cheap wow power leveling
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
门禁
集团电话
集团电话
光盘制作
光盘印刷
光盘印刷
红外测温仪
红外测温仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波测厚仪
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
频闪仪
频闪仪
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
电火花检测仪
电火花检测仪
搬家公司
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
网站设计
网站设计
多媒体
google排名
wow gold
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
货架
货架
货架
猎头
猎头
软件测试工程师
软件测试工程师
软件测试
软件测试
软件测试培训
软件测试培训
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
口腔医生
口腔医生
口腔
口腔
口腔医院
口腔医院
口腔科
口腔科
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
cheap Silkroad gold
cheap Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad Online gold
Silkroad Online gold
sro gold
sro gold
Archlord gold
Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
Archlord Online gold
Archlord Online gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
Dofus kamas
Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
Dofus gold
Dofus gold
Dofus money
Dofus money
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz gold
Rappelz gold
cheap Rappelz Rupees
cheap Rappelz Rupees
Posted by: gill at Jul 12, 2007 3:23:26 AM
liying 07年7月12日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
门禁
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
google排名
集团电话
集团电话
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
搬家公司
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
搬家
搬家公司
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
北京搬家公司
china tour
china tour
多媒体
货架
货架
货架
光盘刻录
光盘刻录
光盘制作
光盘制作
光盘印刷
光盘印刷
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
口腔医生
口腔医生
口腔
口腔
口腔医院
口腔医院
口腔科
口腔科
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
Posted by: xdrs at Jul 12, 2007 3:51:56 AM
houyuping 07年7月17日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow gold
wow gold
world of warcraft gold
world of warcraft gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow power leveling
cheap wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power level
wow power level
Ddo plat
Ddo plat
FFXI Gil
FFXI Gil
GW Gold
GW Gold
GW Power Leveling
GW Power Leveling
RS Gold
RS Gold
RS Power Leveling
RS Power Leveling
Lotro Gold
Lotro Gold
Lotro Power leveling
Lotro Power leveling
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
监控
货架
货架
货架
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
翻译公司
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
google排名
门禁
门禁
门禁系统
门禁系统
搬家
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
光盘制作
光盘印刷
光盘印刷
搬家公司
激光打标机
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
集团电话
集团电话
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
china tour
china tour
青春痘
青春痘
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
Posted by: hyangel at Jul 16, 2007 10:37:08 PM
houyuping 07年7月17日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow gold
wow gold
world of warcraft gold
world of warcraft gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow powerleveling
cheap wow power leveling
cheap wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
power leveling
power leveling
wow power level
wow power level
Ddo plat
Ddo plat
FFXI Gil
FFXI Gil
GW Gold
GW Gold
GW Power Leveling
GW Power Leveling
RS Gold
RS Gold
RS Power Leveling
RS Power Leveling
Lotro Gold
Lotro Gold
Lotro Power leveling
Lotro Power leveling
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
监控
货架
货架
货架
涂层测厚仪
涂层测厚仪
翻译公司
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
google排名
门禁
门禁
门禁系统
门禁系统
搬家
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
光盘制作
光盘印刷
光盘印刷
搬家公司
激光打标机
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
hongkong hotel
hongkong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
集团电话
集团电话
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
china tour
china tour
青春痘
青春痘
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
三星集团电话机
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
Posted by: hyangel at Jul 17, 2007 2:50:34 AM
liying 07年7月20日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
hong kong hotel
hong kong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
rolex replica
rolex replica
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
门禁
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
google排名
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
物流园区
物流园区
搬家公司
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
搬家
搬家公司
搬家公司
北京搬家公司
北京搬家公司
beijing
beijing
china tour
china tour
great wall
beijing travel
beijing travel
china tour
china tour
网站设计
多媒体
货架
货架
货架
光盘制作
光盘制作
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
测厚仪
测温仪
停车场
道闸
Posted by: xdrs at Jul 19, 2007 10:33:47 PM
liqingchao 07年7月20日
google排名
google排名
wow gold
wow gold
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow gold
wow gold
wow powerleveling
wow powerleveling
wow power leveling
wow power leveling
powerleveling
powerleveling
wow power level
wow power level
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft powerleveling
world of warcraft power leveling
world of warcraft power leveling
hong kong hotel
hong kong hotel
beijing tour
beijing tour
rolex replica
rolex replica
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
翻译公司
翻译公司
上海翻译公司
上海翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京翻译公司
北京搬家公司
北京搬家公司
超声波探伤仪
超声波探伤仪
google排名
仓库
仓库
仓库出租
仓库出租
物流园区
物流园区
网站设计
网站设计
多媒体
监控
监控
监控系统
监控系统
门禁
门禁
门禁系统
门禁系统
搬家公司
搬家公司
条码打印机
条码打印机
摆闸
痤疮
痤疮
色斑
色斑
黄褐斑
黄褐斑
青春痘
青春痘
呼叫中心
电话交换机
交换机
呼叫中心
cheap Silkroad gold
cheap Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad gold
Silkroad Online gold
Silkroad Online gold
sro gold
sro gold
Archlord gold
Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
cheap Archlord gold
Archlord Online gold
Archlord Online gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
buy cheap Archlord gold
Dofus kamas
Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
cheap Dofus kamas
Dofus gold
Dofus gold
Dofus money
Dofus money
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz Rupees
Rappelz gold
Rappelz gold
cheap Rappelz Rupees
cheap Rappelz Rupees
Posted by: wslmwps at Jul 20, 2007 4:20:28 AM